Recent Changes

The Age of Enlightenment, or simply The Enlightenment, is a term used to describe a time in Western philosophy and cultural life, centered upon the eighteenth century, in which reason was advocated as the primary source and legitimacy for authority.[1]
Developing more or less simultaneously in Germany, France, Great Britain, The Netherlands, Italy, Spain, and Portugal, and buoyed by the North American colonists' successful rebellion against Great Britain in the American War of Independence, the culmination of the movement spread through much of Europe, including the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Russia and Scandinavia, along with Latin America and instigating the Haitian Revolution. It has been argued that the signatories of the American Declaration of Independence, the United States Bill of Rights, the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, and the Polish-Lithuanian Constitution of May 3, 1791, were motivated by "Enlightenment" principles.
กาแฟวิ้งไวท์
The term "Enlightenment" came into use in English during the mid-nineteenth century,[2] with particular reference to French philosophy, as the equivalent of a term then in use by German writers, Zeitalter der Aufklärung (Age of the clarification), signifying generally the philosophical outlook of the eighteenth century. However, the German term Aufklärung was not merely applied retrospectively; it was already the common term by 1784, when Immanuel Kant published the influential essay "Answering the Question: What is Enlightenment?"
The terminology Enlightenment or Age of Enlightenment does not represent a single movement or school of thought, for these philosophies were often mutually contradictory or divergent. The Enlightenment was less a set of ideas than it was a set of values. At its core was a critical questioning of traditional institutions, customs, and morals. Some classifications of this period also include the late seventeenth century, which is typically known as the Age of Reason or Age of Rationalism.[3]

But then the coffee house during the last half of the nineteenth century lost its prestige and became to an ordinary restaurant.
The Restaurant Procope still survives at 13 rue de l'Ancienne Comédie.
แพนเซียคอฟฟี่
THE CAFÉ PROCOPE WEB PAGE
http://www.procope.com/

HISTORY
The first English coffeehouse, named Angel, was established in Oxford, by an entrepreneur named Jacob, in 1650.
François Procope whowho established the
The Café Procope in particular became a centre of Enlightenment, welcoming such names as Voltaire and Rousseau during the Revolution. The Café Procope was also were Diderot and D’Alembert decided to create the Encyclopédie.
http://www.cityofsound.com/blog/2003/11/mlearned_collea.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ParisCafeDiscussion.png
THE CAFÉ PROCOPE & FRANÇOIS PROCOPE
Oriental coffee houses. Itshouses.Its creator François
But then he added the most important drink that was the coffee, because it attracted a large number of personalities.
Because of its location, the Café Procope became the place where many distinguished French actors, authors, dramatists, and musicians of the eighteenth century met and discussed their ideas of the time. It was a veritable literary salon.
Some of the personalities who went to the Café Procope were:
Ø Voltaire
Ø Rousseau,ØVoltaire
ØRousseau, author and philosopher
Ø Beaumarchais,
ØBeaumarchais, dramatist and financier
Ø Diderot,
ØDiderot, the author the encyclopedia
Ø Benjamin
ØBenjamin Franklin, one
But then the coffee house during the last half of the nineteenth century lost its prestige and became to an ordinary restaurant.
The Restaurant Procope still survives at 13 rue de l'Ancienne Comédie.
Queen's Lane Coffee House
Queen's Lane Coffee House is a historic coffee house dating from 1654 located on Queen's Lane which is a historic street in central Oxford, England. It was named after Queen's College located to the south and west and is close to St. Edmund Hall one of the smallest colleges in Oxford. It is one of the oldest coffee houses in England and is the oldest still trading coffee house in Oxford, England. It is a popular coffee house with both Oxford University students and tourists.
Coffee House".
Jonathan's Coffee House was founded by Jonathan Miles, in Exchange Alley, around 1680. In its early years it was known more for its revolutionaries than for its businessmen which is why in 1696, several patrons were implicated in a plot to assassinate William III, and it was thought to be associated with the Popish Plots. In 1698, it was used by John Castaing to post the prices of stocks and commodities which was the first evidence of systematic exchange of securities in London, England. The coffee house was the centre for the speculations during the great “South Seas bubble" days of 1719-1720, and in 1745, during the panic caused by the Young Pretender's march on London, men won and lost fortunes in speculations on the rebellion's success. The coffee house building continued to serve as the scene of a lottery office after the departure of the jobbers in 1773 until it was ultimately destroyed by fire in 1778.
VIENNA COFFEE HOUSE

THAT'S MUCH BETTER!
I hope you realize that this is a neverending job... but it is worth it! ;) Cheers!

THE COFFEE HOUSES
The coffee houses were places, like nowadays, which their principal purpose was to serve coffee or another hot drink. However during the enlightenment the coffee houses were used like a centre of meetings due to the communication for news and information that the place provided. Any person who had a penny for the admission and reasonably well-dressed could enter to a coffee house to smoke, drink a coffee, read the newsletters and talk with the groups of persons in the place. Messengers and spies were sent to the coffee houses to report the most important events during the day like the victories in the battles or political riots also the newsletters and gazettes were distributed in the coffee houses.
The majority of the establishments, included in the price of the admission the bulletins announcing sales, sailings and auctions that covered the walls of the coffee house because of the valuable information that gave to the business person.
{the-cafe-procope-by-m_-kretz.jpg}
The majority of the establishments, included in the price of the admission the bulletins announcing sales, sailings and auctions that covered the walls of the coffee house because of the valuable information that gave to the business person. The most important
{procope.jpg}
HISTORY

COFFEE HOUSES
The coffee houses were places, like nowadays, which their principal purpose was to serve coffee or another hot drink. However during the enlightenment the coffee houses were used like a centre of meetings due to the communication for news and information that the place provided. Any person who had a penny for the admission and reasonably well-dressed could enter to a coffee house to smoke, drink a coffee, read the newsletters and talk with the groups of persons in the place. Messengers and spies were sent to the coffee houses to report the most important events during the day like the victories in the battles or political riots also the newsletters and gazettes were distributed in the coffee houses.
{the-cafe-procope-by-m_-kretz.jpg}
The coffee houses were places, like nowadays, which their principal purpose was to serve coffee or another hot drink. However during the enlightenment the coffee houses were used like a centre of meetings due to the communication for news and information that the place provided. Any person who had a penny for the admission and reasonably well-dressed could enter to a coffee house to smoke, drink a coffee, read the newsletters and talk with the groups of persons in the place. Messengers and spies were sent to the coffee houses to report the most important events during the day like the victories in the battles or political riots also the newsletters and gazettes were distributed in the coffee houses. The majority of
{procope.jpg}
HISTORY

{INGLES presentation.pptx}

​
JaneJane Austen HistoryJaneHistory
Jane Austen was
Austen lived her life as part of a small family. She was educated primarily by her father and older brothers as well as through her own reading. She star writing as she was a teenager and she stopped when she until she was thirty-five years old. During this period, she experimented with various literary forms, including the epistolary novel which she tried and then abandoned, and wrote and extensively revised three major novels and began a fourth.From 1811 until 1816, with the release of Sense and Sensibility(1811), Pride and Prejudice(1813), Mansfield Park(1814) and Emma(1816), She wrote two additional novels, Northanger Abbey and Persuasion both published posthumously in 1818, and began a third, which was eventually titled Sanditon, but died before completing it.
Sense & Sensibility

Jane
​
Jane Austen HistoryJane Austen (16 December 1775 – 18 July 1817) was an English novelist, whose realism, biting social commentary and use of free indirect speech, have earned her a place aswriter, one of the most widely read and most belovedfamous writers in English literature.[1]indeed.
Austen lived her entire life as a small and close-knit family located on the lower fringes of English gentry.[2]family. She was own reading. The steadfast support of her family was critical to Austen's developmentShe star writing as she was a professional writer.[3] Austen's artistic apprenticeship lasted from her teenage yearsteenager and she stopped when she until she was about thirty-five years began a fourth.[B] Fromfourth.From 1811 until Sense and Sensibility (1811),Sensibility(1811), Pride and Prejudice (1813),Prejudice(1813), Mansfield Park (1814)Park(1814) and Emma (1816), she achieved success as a published writer.Emma(1816), She wrote Abbey and Persuasion,Persuasion both published completing it.
Austen's works critique the novels of sensibility of the second half of the eighteenth century and are part of the transition to nineteenth-century realism.[4][C] Austen's plots, though fundamentally comic,[5] highlight the dependence of women on marriage to secure social standing and economic security.[6] Like those of Samuel Johnson, one of the strongest influences on her writing, her works are concerned with moral issues.[7]
During Austen's lifetime, because she chose to publish anonymously, her works brought her little personal fame and only a few positive reviews. Through the mid-nineteenth century, her novels were admired only by members of the literary elite. However, the publication of her nephew's A Memoir of Jane Austen in 1869 introduced her to a wider public as an appealing personality and kindled popular interest in her works. By the 1940s, Austen was widely accepted in academia as a "great English writer". The second half of the twentieth century saw a proliferation of Austen scholarship, which explored many aspects of her novels: artistic, ideological, and historical. In popular culture, a Janeite fan culture has developed, centred on Austen's life, her works, and the various film and television adaptations of them.
"Sense
Sense & Sensibility" wasSensibility
Was published in best way.
Posted by: Ana Flores
Email: Ana_flores10@yahoo.com

{INGLES presentation.pptx}